Good Thing About Landscaping

Landscapes are made up of the physical features of the land such as hill, mountains, rivers, grassland etc. They also include other physical aspects such as vegetation and other flora and fauna. Besides this natural aspect the other man made aspects are also include in the landscape. It mostly includes building and other architecture which mostly are made to enhance the beauty of this landscape. This is because landscape is one of the favorite tourist attractions. But the tourist come if only you provide maintenance to these landscapes otherwise this landscape will be ruined. Our land has different types of landscape which include ice caps, grasslands, forest and other landscapes.

The word landscape was used in fifth century as believe. It basically refers to the human made spaces between the land and hills. The most important thing is to identify these landscapes and to build landscape over there. Mostly these landscapes are found in the tribal areas and valley which mostly depends on the feudal lords and this landscape are the assets for the state because these landscape. But later on it changed to the scenery Sprinkler System which was introduced by Dutch painter. Basically it was a simple place but later on it has acquires an artistic meaning and mostly looks at it artistically.These landscapes are further divided into further types in which first types are the cultural landscape. These landscapes are defined by the world cultural heritage that defines them as the curtail heritage in which they gained a lot of importance. These landscapes are not only important to the own place but also internationally because it has gained a lot of importance. These landscapes were adopted from the further category which ranges from



those landscapes most deliberately 'shaped' by people, through full range of 'combined' works, those least evidently 'shaped' by people (yet highly valued)The concept of cultural landscape is the originated form the Europe Sprinkler System Fort Worth where there a lot of landscape from the old times and this landscape are very famous these days and they have gained a lot of importance. Now http://www.thelawn.co.uk/ days besides of recreation, these landscapes have gained importance have gained importance in the field of painting. Many of the expensive painting are of this landscape which is sold out very quickly in the market. As th ese landscapes were viewed as artistically so they merely become a piece of an Art.

This term cultural term was first used by Otto Schulte and his academic definition on the cultural term is given as follow."The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a cultural group. Culture is the agent, the natural are the medium, the cultural landscape is the result"His idea for the definition gave a rise and promotion to the cultural heritage and after that these were considered as the separate landscapes. And after that many universities started diplomas in cultural landscape and these landscape gained importance. It includes all the concepts and belief which make it even more artistic.



http://www.selfgrowth.com/print/3948496

Food Lion to Remodel Stores in Greater Charlotte, N.C., Market in 2016; Invests $1.5 Million in Second Harvest Food Bank Warehouse Expansion

SALISBURY, N.C.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Consistent with the grocer's "Easy, Fresh and Affordable... You Can

Count on Food Lion Every Day!" strategy, Food Lion has announced the

company will remodel 142 stores in the greater Charlotte, N.C., market

in 2016. In an effort to make shopping easier and more affordable for

its customers, the company will make a $215 million investment in its

stores. This includes remodeling the stores, additional price

investments throughout the year and investments in associates and the

community through its Food Lion Feeds initiatives. A complete list of

greater Charlotte-area stores is available at www.foodlion.com/newsroom.

"We're proud to have been a part of the greater Charlotte community

since 1957, and are excited to bring our newest format to our hometown

market," said Food Lion President Meg Ham. "As we near our 60th

anniversary in this market, we look forward to making significant

investments in our stores, our customers, our associates and our

communities to offer a new grocery shopping experience. We want to

ensure our customers can easily find fresh, quality products to nourish

their families at affordable prices every day, delivered with caring,

friendly service every time they shop."



Store Investments

Since Food Lion launched its "Easy, Fresh and Affordable. You Home Improvement College Station Can Count

on Food Lion Every Day!" strate gy in May 2014, the grocer has brought

enhancements to http://www.bhg.com/home-improvement/remodeling/ its Charlotte stores including product expansion, new

registers, price investments and enhanced service. When the remodels are

complete, customers will be able to take Home Improvement College Station advantage of key benefits,

which include:



Fresh, new stores designed to be easier to navigate and shop so

customers can get in and out of the store quickly.

Expanded variety and assortment that is relevant to our customers in

each store, such as more local products, natural and organic

selections and healthier snack options.

These remodels are expected to be completed in stores on a rolling basis

between May and Octobe r 2016. Food Lion will continue to launch

enhancements across all of its nearly 1,100 stores in 2016, as well as

remodel additional markets over time. Charlotte is the fourth area to be

remodeled. The company remodeled 162 stores in the greater Raleigh,

N.C., area in 2015, along with 76 stores in the greater Wilmington,

N.C., and Greenville, N.C., markets in 2014.

Investment in the Charlotte Community

Food Lion's investment is also extended to the local community. The

grocer has committed $1.5 million to the Second Harvest Food Bank of

Metrolina's warehouse expansion. Through this new facility, Second

Harvest will provide the food bank with new capacity to broaden its

already robust work to end hunger in the 16-county region it supports in

the greater Charlotte area. The expansion will also offer access to

healthier, fresher food so those in need can nourish their families and
< br>meet basic needs to help them get back on their feet.

"As we announce a significant commitment to remodel our 142 stores to

better serve our customers, we are proud to be able to also help Second

Harvest better serve the Charlotte community," said Meg Ham, president

of Food Lion. "Through the new Food Lion Feeds center, we are making a

significant and long-term commitment to helping the food bank expand its

capabilities to offer fresher, healthier food to those in our community

who are struggling with hunger."

"Second Harvest and Food Lion have served the Charlotte community

together for more than 25 years, and I'm thrilled our strong partnership

will continue through the opening of the Food Lion Feeds Center, said

Kay Carter, chief executive officer of Second Harvest Food Bank of

Metrolina. "Food Lion's associates are truly dedicated to making sure

those who are hungry don't hav e to make tough choices, whether it's

providing a fresh, healthy meal on the table or groceries in the pantry."

Serving 10 million customers each week at nearly 1,100 locations in 10

states, Food Lion was founded in 1957 and still calls Salisbury, N.C.,

its hometown. Through Food Lion Feeds, the company will donate 500

million meals to individuals and families in need by the end of 2020.

Click here for the full store list: www.foodlion.com/charlottestores

About Food Lion

Food Lion, based in Salisbury, N.C., since 1957, has nearly 1,100 stores

in 10 Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic states and employs more than 65,000

associates. By leveraging its longstanding heritage of low prices and

convenient locations, Food Lion is working to own the easiest full shop

grocery experience in the Southeast, anchored by a strong commitment to

affordability, freshness and the communities it serves. Throug h Food

Lion Feeds, the company has committed to provide 500 million meals to

individuals and families in need by the end of 2020. Food Lion is a

company of Delhaize America, the U.S. division of Brussels-based

Delhaize Group (NYSE: DEG). For more information, visit www.foodlion.com.

http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160309006035/en/Food-Lion-Remodel-Stores-Greater-Charlotte-N.C.

Ideas For Your Meditation Garden

A meditation garden, sometimes called a contemplation garden, is a fairly new concept. Of course gardens and meditation has been around for centuries, but the combination of the two as a specific serene spot you can create yourself is more of a modern concept.

This type of garden shouldn't be confused with a Zen garden that you would find at a temple. Many of the temple gardens in Kyoto for example are meant to be observed from a particular angle. There are also strolling gardens that allow you get a little closer to nature, however these are different concepts than creating your own space at home. A dry rock garden for example is minimalist by design and it encourages the observer to use their imagination when it comes to a portrayed landscape of mountains, rivers, and temples.

This is definitely one route to go when designing your own meditation garden, as long as your incorporate a comfortable sitting space as well. Two great feature of a dry rock garden are:

1) They are low maintenance. The lack of many flowers etc. allows you to spend less time with upkeep.

2) In an area like Buffalo and Grand Island, where we have pretty severe winters, the garden still maintains a unique form even when covered in snow. Using various size large rocks creates a wonderful effect in winter.

The initial start-up costs for the dry rock garden may be higher due to the prices of small boulders, but yearly maintenance and upkeep fees are minimal at best.

Others may wish to go a different route and create something that directly touches all of the senses. A good Japanese garden is one that has incorporated something for all four seasons into it. That way the garden is always alive and seen from a different perspective. You want to create a meditation garden that you are comfortable and intrigued in all throughout the seasons.

Western gardens also tend to use a lot of plants and flowers so this may look more natural given your housin g situation. The Japanese garden is often restricted by boundaries that create a feeling of it being a sacred space. The idea of a sacred space is what we are aiming for when thinking of a meditational garden. Even in a larger more open yard, for example, you can start with something in a corner and think of it as a separate but connected room. When you enter this room you want to be surrounded by things that lend themselves to calmness and serenity.

A Sanctuary for the Senses

Flowers create a scent memory that can draw you back to the garden from time to time. A bench or area on the grass supplies the sense of touch and gives you the comfort and stability to meditate in the garden. Visually you want something intriguing or mysterious, but not too distracting. Remember, CLARITY is the goal of a meditation garden, not a color smorgasbord to impress the neighbors walking by.

A water feature is also a great relaxing stimulus for the https://ambler.temple.edu/tags/community-gardens ears. Watching a small stream of water can have a great calming effect, but because we have so many memories and images of flowing water, the mere sound of it trickling can also be a refreshing stimulus. The more you can stimulate all of the senses the more connected to nature you are likely to feel.



The Sanctuary Gate

You want to create a place that you can call your sanctuary. A place you are comfortable and protected in. For me, shaded spots seem to have a more encl osed feeling, and can also be a nice retreat from the direct summer sun.

A path or entranceway is also something to consider as a starting point of the meditation garden. The Japanese Roji, or pathways up to the teahouses, are great examples of a space dedicated to calming and preparing you to enter a world different from the one you just left. Sometimes they can be quite narrow at the beginning of the path and I like to think that this was intentionally designed as the place to leave your problems at the door. An actual entranceway such as a Japanese style gate or a pergola with hanging wisteria for example can also be a great way of distinguishing the different areas.

This site about Japanese gardens (http://www.grand-island-serene-gardens.com/japanese-gardens.html) is recommended for more detailed information and interesting videos with accompanying ambient music. Whether Sprinkler System Flower Mound you are aiming for a Sprinkler System Installation Flower Mound meditational garden where you can sit quietly or do yoga or tai chi, it should be a place you are comfortable in and you can focus on the nature around you.



Author's Bio:

Joshua M. Smith, PhD., is the owner of Grand Island Serene Gardens (http://www.grand-island-serene-gardens.com), a website dedicated to both traditional and contemporary Japanese culture and art. He received his Phd in Japan at Osaka University and researches various areas of Japanese culture, such as Japanese music, Japanese gardens, and spirituality.

http://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/ideas-for-your-meditation-garden

Artificial intelligence and the coming health revolution

Artificial intelligence and the coming health revolution

Artificial intelligence can improve health care by analyzing data from apps, smartphones and wearable technology

Your next doctor could very well be a bot. And bots, or automated programs, are likely to play a key role in finding cures for some of the most difficult-to-treat diseases and conditions.

Artificial intelligence is rapidly moving into health care, led by some of the biggest technology companies and emerging startups using it to diagnose and respond to a raft of conditions.

Consider these examples:

-- California researchers detected cardiac arrhythmia with 97 percent accuracy on wearers of an Apple Watch with the AI-based Cariogram application, opening up early treatment o ptions to avert strokes.

-- Scientists from Harvard and the University of Vermont Sprinkler System developed a machine learning tool--a type of AI that enables computers to learn without being explicitly programmed--to better identify depression by studying Instagram posts, suggesting "new avenues for early screening and detection of mental illness."

-- Researchers from Britain's University of Nottingham created an algorithm that predicted heart attacks better than doctors using conventional guidelines.

While technology has always played a role in medical care, a wave of investment from Silicon Valley and a flood of data from connected devices appear to be spurring innovation.

"I think a tipping point was when Apple released its Research Kit," said Forrester Research analyst Kate McCarthy, referring to a program letting Apple users enable data from their daily activities to be used in medical studi es.

McCarthy said advances in artificial intelligence has opened up new possibilities for "personalized medicine" adapted to individual genetics.

"We now have an environment where people can weave through clinical research at a speed you could never do before," she said.

Some the same artificial http://www.diynetwork.com/how-to/outdoors/landscaping/the-essential-steps-to-landscape-design-pictures intelligence techniques used in the Google DeepMind Challenge to defeat a grandmaster in the board game Go can be adapted for medical uses

Predictive analytics

AI is better known in Sprinkler System Installation the tech field for uses such as autonomous driving, or defeating experts in the board game Go.

But it can also be used to glean new insights from existing data such as electronic health records and lab tests, says Narges Razavian, a professor at New York University's Langone School of Medicine who led a research project on predictive analytics for more than 100 medical conditions.

"Our work is looking at trends and trying to predict (disease) six months into the future, to be able to act before things get worse," Razavian said.

-- NYU researchers analyzed medical and lab records to accurately predict the onset of dozens of diseases and conditions including type 2 diabetes, heart or kidney failure and stroke. The project developed software now used at NYU which may be deployed at other medical facilities.

-- Google's DeepMind division is using artificial intelligence to help doctors analyze tissue sampl es to determine the likelihood that breast and other cancers will spread, and develop the best radiotherapy treatments.

-- Microsoft, Intel and other tech giants are also working with researchers to sort through data with AI to better understand and treat lung, breast and other types of cancer.

-- Google parent Alphabet's life sciences unit Verily has joined Apple in releasing a smartwatch for studies including one to identify patterns in the progression of Parkinson's disease. Amazon meanwhile offers medical advice through applications on its voice-activated artificial assistant Alexa.

IBM has been focusing on these issues with its Watson Health unit, which uses "cognitive computing" to help understand cancer and other diseases.

When IBM's Watson computing system won the TV game show Jeopardy in 2011, "there were a lot of folks in health care who said that is the same process doctors use when they try to understand health care," said Anil Jain, chief med ical officer of Watson Health.

Watson Health, whose Cambridge, Massachusetts office is shown in this photo, is also part of the artificial intelligence health movement

Systems like Watson, he said, "are able to connect all the disparate pieces of information" from medical journals and other sources "in a much more accelerated way."

"Cognitive computing may not find a cure on day one, but it can help understand people's behavior and habits" and their impact on disease, Jain said.

It's not just major tech companies moving into health.

Research firm CB Insights this year identified 106 digital health startups applying machine learning and predictive analytics "to reduce drug discovery times, provide virtual assistance to patien ts, and diagnose ailments by processing medical images."

Maryland-based startup Insilico Medicine uses so-called "deep learning" to shorten drug testing and approval times, down from the current 10 to 15 years.

"We can take 10,000 compounds and narrow that down to 10 to find the most promising ones," said Insilico's Qingsong Zhu.



Insilico is working on drugs for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cancer and age-related diseases, aiming to develop personalized treatments.

Finding depression

Artificial intelligence is also incr easingly seen as a means for detecting depression and other mental illnesses, by spotting patterns that may not be obvious, even to professionals.

A research paper by Florida State University's Jessica Ribeiro found it can predict with 80 to 90 percent accuracy whether someone will attempt suicide as far off as two years into the future.

IBM is using its Watson supercomputer, seen in this file picture, as part of a broad effort to help medical research and health care through its Watson Health division

Facebook uses AI as part of a test project to prevent suicides by analyzing social network posts.

And San Francisco's Woebot Labs this month debuted on Facebook Messenger what it dubs the first chatbot offering "cognitive behavioral therapy" online--partly as a way to reach people wary of the social stigma of seeking mental health care.

New technologies are also offering hope for rare diseases.

Boston-based startup FDNA uses facial recognition technology matched against a database associated with over 8,000 rare diseases and genetic disorders, sharing data and insights with medical centers in 129 countries via its Face2Gene application.

Cautious optimism

Lynda Chin, vice chancellor and chief innovation officer at the University of Texas System, said she sees "a lot of excitement around these tools" but that technology alone is unlikely to translate into wide-scale health benefits.

One problem, Chin said, is that data from sources as disparate as medical records and Fitbits is difficult to access due to privacy and other regulations.



More important, she said, is integrating data in health care delivery where doctors may be unaware of what's available or how to use new tools.

"Just having the analytics and data get you to step one," said Chin. "It's not just about putting an app on the app store."

Explore further:Artificial intelligence predicts patient lifespans

429 sharesfeedback to editors

(C) 2017 AFP

https://phys.org/news/2017-06-artificial-intelligence-health-revolution.html

Irrigation sprinkler

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



impact sprinkler head in action

Irrigation sprinklers are sprinklers providing irrigation to agriculture, crops, vegetation, or for recreation, as a cooling system, or for the control of airborne dust, landscaping and golf courses. The sprinkler system irrigates the field and thus it is widely used in sandy areas as it checks the wastage of water through seepage and evaporation. Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrig ation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground. The pump supply system, sprinklers and operating conditions must be designed to enable a uniform application of water.

Contents

1 Types

1.1 Industrial

1.2 Residential

1.3 Underground Sprinkler

1.4 Agricultural http://www.rmlandscape2.com/ Science

2 Use

3 Health risks from aerosols

4 Gallery

5 See also

6 References

7 External links

Types

Industrial

Sprinklers that spray in a fixed pattern are generally called sprays or spray heads. Sprays are not usually designed to operate at pressures , due to misting problems that may develop.

Higher pressure sprinklers that themselves move in a circle are drive n by a ball drive, gear drive, or impact mechanism (impact sprinklers). These can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle.

Rainguns are similar to impact sprinkler, except that they generally operate at very high pressures of 40 to 130lbf/in (275 to 900 kPa) and flows of 50 to 1200 US gal/min (3 to 76 L/s), usually with nozzle diameters in the range of 0.5 to 1.9inches (10 to 50mm). In addition to irrigation, guns are used for industrial applications such as dust suppression and logging.

Many irrigation sprinklers are buried in the ground along with their supporting plumbing, although above ground and moving sprinklers are also common. Most irrigation sprinklers operate through electric and hydraulic technology and are grouped together in zones that can be collectively turned on and off by actuating a solenoid-controlled valve.

Residential



An oscillating sprinkler is commonly used to water residential lawns, and is moved as needed.

Home lawn sprinklers vary widely in their size, cost, and complexity. They include impact sprinklers, oscillating sprinklers, drip sprinklers, and underground sprinkler systems. Small sprinklers are available at home and garden stores or hardware stores for small costs. These are often attached to an outdoor water faucet and are placed only temporarily. Other systems may be professionally installed permanently in the ground and are attached permanently to a home's pl umbing system. An ingenious domestic sprinkler made by Nomad called a 'set-and-forget tractor sprinkler' was used in Australia in the 1950s. Water pressure ensured that the sprinkler slowly moved across a lawn.[1]

Permanently installed systems may often operate on timers or other automated processes. They are occasionally installed with retractable heads for aesthetic and practical reasons (making damage during lawn mowing or other maintenance less likely). These often are programmed to operate on a schedule and irrigate a piece of land in zones.[2]

Underground Sprinkler

Underground sprinklers function through means of basic electronic and hydraulic technology. This valve and all of the sprinklers that will be activated by this valve are known as a zone. Upon activation, the solenoid, which sits on top of the valve is magnetized lifting a small stainless steel plunger in its center. By doing this, the activated (or raised) plunger allows air to escape from the t op of a rubber diaphragm located in the center of the valve. Water that has been charged and waiting on the bottom of this same diaphragm now has the higher pressure and lifts the diaphragm. This pressurized water is then allowed to escape down stream of the valve through a series of pipes, usually made of PVC (higher pressure commercial systems) or polyethylene pipe (for typically lower pressure residential systems). At the end of these pipes and flush to ground level (typically) are pre measured and spaced out sprinklers. These sprinklers can be fixed spray heads that have a set pattern and generally spray between 1.5-2m (7-15ft.), full rotating sprinklers that can spray a broken stream of water from 6-12m (20-40ft.), or small drip emitters that release a slow, steady drip of water on more delicate plants such as flowers and shrubs. use of indigenous materials also recommended.[3]

Agricultural Science

Center pivot irrigation sprinkler nozzles, used in crop irrigation



Rotator style pivot applicator sprinkler



End Gun style pivot applicator sprinkler

The first use of sprinklers by farmers was some form of home and golf course type sprinklers. These ad hoc systems, while doing the job of the buried pipes and fixed sprinkler heads, interfered with cultivation and were expensive to maintain. In the 1950s a firm based in Portland, Oregon Stout-Wyss Irrigation System, developed the rolling pipe type irrigation system for farms that has become the most popular type for farmers irrigating large fields. With this system large wheels attached to the large pipes with sprinkler heads move slowly across the field.[4]

Use

Most irrigation sprinklers are used as part of a sprinkler system, consisting of various plumbing parts, pump unit,[5] piping and control equipment. Outdoor sprinkler systems are sometimes used as a deterrent against homeless people. This sprinkler system was programmed to drench unsuspecting sleepers at random times during the night. Local businessmen soon copied this system in an effort to drive homeless people away from public sidewalks adjacent to their businesses.[6]

Health risks from aerosols

In 2014, it was reported that use of common garden hoses in combination with spray nozzles may generate aerosols containing droplets smaller than 10 ?m, which can be inhaled by nearby people. Water stagnating in a hose between uses, especially when warmed by the sun, can host the growth and interaction of Legionella and free-living amoebae (FLA) as biofilms on the inner surface of the hose. Clinical cases of Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac fever have been found to be associated with inhalation of garden hose aerosols containing Legionella bacteria. The report provides measured microbial densities resulting from controlled hose conditions in order to quantify the human health risks. The densities of Legionella spp. identified in two types of hoses were found to be similar to those reported during legionellosis outbreaks from other causes. It is proposed that the risk could be mitigated by dra ining hoses after use.[7]

Gallery



An underground sprinkler system about to be installed



Irrigation sprinkler watering crops.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfNmypOk45k 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/An_Irrigation_sprinkler_watering_a_garden.gif/240px-An_Irrigation_sprinkler_watering_a_garden.gif 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"/>



Irrigation sprinkler



An oscillating sprinkler watering a lawn



A overhead sprinkler



Sprinkler for children

Play media

An irrigation sprinkler in action



Crop sprinklers near Rio Vista, California

See also

Drip irrigation

Irrigation

Sprinkler system timer

References

^ The Ride family's 'Nomad' brand tractor lawn sprinkler, National Museum o f Australia

^ Sprinkler 101

^ Howser, Huell (November 8, 2010). "Rainbird - California's Gold (12002)". California's Gold. Chapman University Huell https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfNmypOk45k Howser Archive.

^ Irrigation Pipe On Wheels Move Across Fields, July 1950 Popular Science, bottom of page 114

^ "CHAPTER 5. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2016-08-26.

^ Davis, Mike (2006). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. London: Verso. p.233. ISBN978-1-84467-568-5.

^ Thomas, Jacqueline M.; Thomas, Torsten; Stuetz, Richard M.; Ashbolt, Nicholas J. (2014). "Your Garden Hose: A Potential Health Risk Due toLegionellaspp. Growth Facilitated by Free-Living Amoebae". Environmental Science & Technology. 48 (17): 10456-10464. ISSN0013-936X. doi:10.1021/es502652n.

External links

The dictionary definition of irrigation sprinkler at Wiktionary

Media related to Irrigation sprinkler at Wikimedia Commons

v

t

e

Garden tools

Averruncator

Axe

Chainsaw

Cultivat or

Daisy grubber

Dibber

Earth auger

Edger

Garden fork

Garden hose

Grass shears

Grass stitcher

Hedge trimmer

Hoe

Hori hori

Irrigation sprinkler

Lawn aerator

Lawn mower

Lawn sweeper

Leaf blower

Loppers

Machete

Mattock

Pickaxe

Pitchfork

Plough (plow)

Post hole digger

Potting bench

Pruning shears (secateurs)

Rake

Riddle

Rotary tiller

Scythe

Shovel

Sickle

Spade

String trimmer

Trowel

Watering can

Weeder

Wheelbarrow

v

t

e

Hydroculture

Types

Aeroponics

Aquaponics

Aquascaping

Hydroponics

passive

Subtypes

Aquatic garden

Bottle garden

Deep water culture

Ebb and flow

Fogponics

Microponics

Nutrient film technique
< br>Organic hydroponics

Organopnicos

Sub-irrigated planter

Top drip

Substrates

Charcoal

Coco peat

Diatomaceous earth

Expanded clay aggregate

Gravel

Growstones

Lava rock

Mineral wool

Perlite

Pumice

Rice hulls

Sand

Vermiculite

Wood fibre

Accessories

Grow light

Hydroponic dosers

Irrigation sprinkler

Leaf sensor

Net-pot

Spray nozzle

Timers

Ultrasonic hydroponic fogger

Water chiller

Related concepts

Algaculture

Aquaculture of coral

Aquaculture of sea sponges

Controlled-environment agriculture

Historical hydroculture

Hydroponicum

Paludarium

Plant nutrition

Plant propagation

Rhizosphere

Root rot

Vertical farming

Water aeration

Commons

Wikibooks

Wikiversity



Authority control

NDL: 00571727



Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/ index.php?title=Irrigation_sprinkler&oldid=767837811"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation_sprinkler

Alabama teen, mayor hope to change city ordinance on lawn mowing license

Many Americans https://www.walmart.com/browse/patio-garden/gardening/5428_4091_1229588 remember summers spent as a teen, learning about the value of money by opening up a lemonade stand, babysitting or cutting the neighborhood lawns.



Now the mayor of one city in Alabama is hoping to change a city ordinance to keep the tradition alive.

Teens in the Birmingham suburb of Gardendale are technically required to have a $110 business license to cut lawns.

The ordinance is not new. It was enacted in 2007, and Gardendale Mayor Stan Hogeland told Fox News that https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzdF7T-Gf6A it was never intended to apply to teens making a little extra pocket money when school lets out.

It all began when 15-year-old Alainna Parris mowed the lawn of her grandparents and a few neighbors last Thursday. She was hoping to earn extra money for a missionary trip, her grandparents Elton and Melba Campbell, told Fox News.

A man with a professional lawn care business, someone whom no one involved would name but who had been servicing many of the neighborhood lawns for years, reportedly approached one of the homeowners.

He allegedly told the homeowner that he noticed the young lady had been mowing lawns in the subdivision and threatened to call City Hall if he saw her mowing again without a business license.

That neighbor called Alainna's grandparents, and her grandfather shared his confusion in a private community message board on Facebook.

"I did not intend for all this to happen when I posted my question," Elton explained. "I simply wanted to know if a teenager had to get a business license."



Hogeland, who was born and raised in Gardendale, has served as a city employee for 35 years. He said that the incident was a first.

Though the ordinance as it now stands would legally require a teen who mows lawns, or babysits or even washes cars for pocket money to obtain a business license, he said that that that wasn't the "spirit or intent" of the ordinance.

"Typically," Hogeland explained, "if you're doing business, whether it's in Gardendale or New York City, if you're performing a service and you get paid for it, you're supposed to have a business license."

However, "it was never meant to de al with kids cutting grass," the mayor emphasized. "My clerk, in all her research reviewing the past five years, can't find anyone applying for the license in these kinds of cases."

The mayor added, "it's not something we look for, not something we've ever dealt with, because there was no need to deal with it. These are kids earning extra money in the summer, like they always do."

Hogeland said he's concerned young people will now worry that they will get in trouble, looking over their shoulder for a policeman or a city official every time they perform a task for some spending money - and he wants to change that.

At a Monday night council meeting, he plans to address the controversy over the ordinance and figure out how to clarify and change the policy to allow young people to mow lawns without a business license.

"My intent is to get something in our ordinance that tells that young lady that you don't have to look over your shoulder, we got your back, we 've got you taken care of," Hogeland said.

For her part, Alainna told Fox News that she didn't feel threatened, but felt that "this whole thing has been blown out of proportion."

She said that she mowed lawns last year and there were no issues. "I don't know what made this year different," she said, adding, "I do hope that there is some kind of change that what make it safe for anyone under 17 or 18 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzdF7T-Gf6A years old to mow a lawn without being made to think it's a business. I'm looking forward to going to the council meeting on Monday to see if any changes will be made."

As for the Mayor, he says "it's commendable and I want kids to do it. They're learning the value of a dollar, and the value and rewards of hard work, they're also learning the value of seeing you create a job well done, stand back and say: 'I did that, I'm pretty proud of myself.'

"That's the ki nd of thing you want going through a kid's head, they can later move out into the workforce. Do something you'll be proud of, and reap the rewards of it by getting paid, that's the American job description."

http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/06/02/alabama-teen-mayor-hope-to-change-city-ordinance-on-lawn-mowing-license.html

California Residents Face Fines as Bone-Dry State Seeks to Reduce Water Use

Across the West, a historic drought - the worst in over a century - has sparked a water crisis Sprinkler System that for the first time has forced California officials to impose mandatory statewide water restrictions.

"We need water," Gov. Gerry Brown said today. "We're gonna have to get water."

Watch: Extremely dry conditions fuel wildfires in at least five states.

There have no been no fewer than Sprinkler System Installation a dozen raging wildfires, from Idaho and Oregon to Arizona, Washington and Nevada.

The Bully Fire in Northern California chewed through 10-square miles and destroyed eight homes. The landscape has become a tinderbox and water reservoirs are now bone dry. About 2,200 firefighters have been working hard to keep the flames away.

Nevada's Lake Mead is now at its lowest point since the Hoover Dam was built, officia ls said.

In https://www.yelp.com/biz/ams-landscaping-phoenix-3 today's announcement, officials in California announced that it is illegal to let sprinkler systems flow into the street, hose down sidewalks and driveways or use an open hose to wash your car.



"I think my husband has been guilty of coming out late at night and doing a little secretive watering underneath the trees," resident Pam Ferko said.

Scofflaws faced fines of up to $500 a day.

Previously, residents had ignored the governor's pleas to cutback - statewide, water usage actually went up - so now Californians are being encouraged to rat out their neighbors.



"Our water complaint calls have gone up exponentially from the last two years," said Terrance Davis of the state's Department of Utilities.

Lawn sprinklers and car washes aren't the only culprits though.

Agriculture uses 80 percent of the state's water. The drought is projected to cost $2 billion in crop losses this year, which will mean higher food prices nationwide.

http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2014/07/california-residents-face-fines-as-bone-dry-state-seeks-to-reduce-water-use/

From landfill to landscape - CNN.com

LONDON, England (CNN) -- A landscape restoration of a rubbish dump has won the Energy, Waste and Recycling category at the 2008 World Architecture Festival in Barcelona, Spain.



Spanish architects Batlle and Roig have returned a 150 hectare rubbish dump back to nature.

"La Vall d'en Joan" (The Valley of Joan) project, designed by Spanish architects Batlle and Roig, has transformed a 150 hectare site in the Garraf Natural Park, south-west of Barcelona into a green terraced agricultural landscape.

In awarding the prize, judges Sprinkler Installation Luis Mansilla -- Mansilla + Tunon architects -- and Martin Keiding -- editor-in-chief http://gilmour.com/sprinklers of Arkitektur DK -- described the scheme as: "a perfect example of bringing dead nature back to life by converting rubbish into a beautiful piece of landscape architecture...using few and humble means".

Joan Roig of Batlle and Roig Architects told CNN: "The idea was to create a system of hills and banks in a way that would avoid erosion from water and to give the rubbish dump back to nature with a natural design."

Work to transform the site -- the largest landfill in Spain -- began in 2000 and was completed earlier this year. It is a striking redrawing of a previously scarred and polluted landscape.

The landfill has been servicing Barcelona's metropolitan area for over 30 years. More than 20 million tons of rubbish was spread around the valley before the site was closed in 2006. In some places, you would have to dig down over 100 meters before you found soil again.

But this isn't just a cosmetic make over. There is an underground drainage system on site which filters contaminated waste fluids. Part of this recycled water is then used to irrigate the park. "The whole project is very sustainable," Roig said.

Furthermore, the dump is also utilizing the bio gas that is emitted to provide electricity.

Some of the rubbish has remained above ground. Housed in large steel cages which flank the entrance to the site, Roig says they serve as a permanent reminder to visitors of the site's previous life.

Judge, Martin Keiding told CNN: "It's a very beautiful and simple design. It is landscape architecture that is inspiring. It is a very good example that everyone could look at and say: 'We could do the same.' This competition is about pointing out good examples that could inspire architects."





Batlle and Roig's winning design was one of eight short-listed projects in the Energy, Waste and Recycling category, which was notable for the variety of entries.

They range from state of the art, hi-tech plans such as the Digital Beijing designed by Studio Pei Zhu and Urbanus, right down to low-cost, primitive ventures like the Community Cooker devised by Kenyan company, Planning Systems Services.

The communal cooker is turning Sprinkler System rubbish into fuel to feed residents of one of Africa's biggest slums -- Kibera -- on the outskirts of Nairobi, Kenya. The project was highly commended by the judges.< br>
"Sustainability is a very important issue and so are the questions about rubbish, especially in Third World countries," Keiding said. "The community cooker is a way of introducing a solution directly into the society."

Keiding, himself a trained architect, believes that Energy, Waste and Recycling is the most important category at the inaugural World Architecture Festival. "We are facing big problems, so it is a great opportunity for architects to work seriously with this problem on many different levels.

"I think flashy executive buildings are interesting in one sense but they are not interesting if they are not dealing seriously with this matter. In my opinion you can throw them out. We have to be far more serious about integrating aspects of sustainability into architecture."

Both Mansilla and Keiding noted that engineering and architecture had to combine to deal with issues concerning waste and recycling. They said that achieving sustainability was a difficult task but it also represented a great opportunity for architects to contribute to the sphere.

All About Architecture o Nature and the Environment

http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/science/10/24/waf2008.energy.waste.recycling/index.html

Dylann Roof's Lawyers Look to Have Death Penalty Tossed

Lawyers Best Attorney in College Station for Charleston church shooter Dylann Roof have filed a Attorney College Station motion for a new trial and are http://www.attorneygeneral.gov/ looking to throw out the death penalty sentences in the case.

The motion, filed in South Carolina federal court, questions whether Roof's attack was plotted and carried out wholly within the state, and therefore not a federal case, as well as whether the hate crimes he was convicted of were punishable by death.

"A finding in his favor on this motion would resolve the case, since he would not challenge further the resulting sentences of life in prison without the possibility of release," the lawyers wrote.



Roof was sentenced to death last month after he was convicted of hate crimes in federal court. He killed nine black churchgoers during a bible style at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston in June 2015.

This is a breaking news story. Check back for more details.

http://abcnews.go.com/US/dylann-roofs-lawyers-death-penalty-tossed/story?id=45417758

Former White House press officer Boris Epshteyn to be questioned in Russia probe

The Congressional investigation of Russia's interference in the 2016 presidential election continues to grow, as yet another Trump associate, Boris Epshteyn, has acknowledged that he has received a request for information from lawmakers.

Epshteyn, a Trump campaign adviser who briefly served in the White House communications office, confirmed to ABC News that he has received a request for information and testimony from the House Intelligence Committee. His lawyer provided a brief statement to ABC News.

"Like many others, Mr. Epshteyn has received a broad, preliminary request for information from the House Intelligence Committee. This is a voluntary request. Mr. Epshteyn has not been subpoenaed nor do we anticipate that he will be. We have reached out to the Committee wth several follow up questions and we are awaiting their response in order to better understand what information they are seeking and whether Mr. Epshteyn is able to reasonably provide it."

The Trump associate, 34, most recently served as the special assistant to the president in charge of surrogate operations before leaving his post in March.

The White House offered no explanation for his abrupt departure. Although a senior Trump administration official initially told ABC News that they were "exploring opportunities within the administration" for Epshteyn, he has since joined the conservative-leaning Sinclair Broadcasting as a political analyst.

Epshteyn grew up in Moscow and met Trump's son Eric at Georgetown University, where he received his law degree. Following the campaign, he served as senior adviser to the Trump-Pence transition team and director of communications for the Presidential Inaugural Committee before joining the White House press office.

A frequent on-air guest during the campaign, he became well-known for combative television appearances and http://cnspainters.com/ friction with repor ters behind the scenes.

In a recent interview with Bill Maher, Epshteyn sparred with the progressive political commentator about whether Russia meddled in the election.

"You would have to ask Russia if they tried to meddle ... Whether there was an attempt at meddling, again, how would I know?" Epshteyn said. "Again, if you have a problem with how the president is handling his foreign policy, you can speak at the ballot box in three and a half years."





Epshteyn app ears to be the sixth Trump associate whose activities are being examined in the rapidly widening Congressional investigation.

Gen. Michael Flynn, who served briefly as Trump's National Security Adviser, is the only person of interest to receive a subpoena for records. Flynn has declined to provide them, citing his Fifth Amendment rights.

Former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort, informal advisor Roger Stone, and former foreign policy adviser Carter Page have also been asked by lawmakers to voluntarily hand over relevant records. All three have said that they are cooperating with the investigation.

ABC News reported on Tuesday that Michael Cohen, Trump's personal attorney, has also been asked "to provide information and testimony" about his contacts with Russian officials. Cohen told ABC News he "declined to participate" because "the request was poorly phrased, overly broad and not capable of being answered," but denied that he has any links t o Russia.

Jared Kushner, Trump's son-in-law, could also be asked to testify. In an interview with ABC News' Martha Raddatz, Rep. Adam Schiff (D-Calif.), the House Intelligence Committee's top Democrat, has called for a review of Kushner's security clearance following reports that he sought to establish a "backchannel" with Russian officials.

ABC News' Katherine Faulders, David Caplan, Nicki Rossoll and Erin Galloway contributed to this report.

http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/white-house-press-officer-boris-epshteyn-investigation-russia/story?id=47731166

Future Car - Electricity & Battery Technology

Rechargeable Battery

Even though a rechargeable battery also uses chemicals it does so in a different way. The chemistry is used primarily to move electrons from one place in the battery to another. The chemicals do eventually wear out, but at a far slower rate than a standard electrochemical battery. When a rechargeable battery is put to use electron flow moves from one part of the battery to another. When the battery is recharged that electron flow is reversed. Common rechargeable batteries include;

Lead-Acid batteries (common car battery)

Nickle Cadmium (NiCad)

Nickle Metal Hydride (NiMH)

Lithium Ion (Li-ion)

Lead-Acid Battery: The first rechargeable battery was invented by Frenchman Gaston Plante in 1859. This is the lead-acid battery so commonly found in gasoline or diesel engined cars. The battery consists of alternating plates of lead and lead dioxide. Between these plates is a solution of sulfuric acid. As the battery is used (dischar ged) the lead on the lead-plate combines with the sulfur to create lead sulfate. This process also frees up an electron. Then the lead dioxide, some hydrogen ions, sulfate ions, plus electrons from the lead plate, work together to create lead-sulfate and water on the lead dioxide plate.This reaction is completely reversible by applying more voltage to the battery than it produces. The excess voltage (about 13.4 volts) breaks up the lead-sulfate, combines the sulfate with water (producing sulfuric acid) and rebinds the previously free electrons back to the lead plate.

These lead-acid batteries last a considerable amount of time, have no "memory", and though heavy are quite reliable. They are also quite cheap (despite what you pay for them) to produce.

Nickel Cadmium Battery: These batteries are similar to the lead-acid type except that electrodes are nickel-hydroxide (instead of lead-dioxide) and cadmium (instead of lead), with potassium-hydroxide (instead of sulfuric-a cid) as the electrolyte. NiCad batteries suffer from a "memory effect" in that if the battery is discharged to a certain level then fully recharged after x number of recharges the battery will stop discharging once it reaches that point again. e.g. if the battery is routinely discharged to 50% of capacity it will stop producing current when it reaches that capacity again after a recharge. On the upside NiCad batteries lose little energy to the air, do well in the cold, and can take a trickle charge.



Nickel Metal Hydride:This battery is similar to the Nick el Cadmium except that it uses a hydrogen absorbing alloy of metals (this alloy is a metal hydride; good at storing hydrogen) instead of cadmium at the negative electrode. NiMH batteries have two to three times the storage capacity of NiCad batteries. They have a long shelf-life, wide operating temperature range, and like NiCad do not "leak" a great deal of energy to the air. A.K.A. self-discharge.

Lithium-Ion: The lithium ion battery has the three same basic internal structures; a cathode, anode, and electrolyte. In the case of the Li-ion battery the cathode is either lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, or lithium manganese oxide. The anode is typically graphite or a lithium graphite alloy. When Li-ion cells are discharging, the lithium is extracted from the anode and inserted onto the cathode. When the Li-ion cell is charging the lithium-ions reverse flow; depositing ions onto anode from the cathode. The electrolyte is typically a lithium salt.



Lithium-ion Electrician Service College Station batteries, unlike NiCads, do not suffer from a "memory" effect, do not self-discharge readily (only about 5% per month), and can be charged and discharged hundreds of times.

Energy Density: Energy density is the amount of energy http://www.dictionary.com/browse/electrician storage per kiogram of weight. By this measure the following battery types store; (source for table below allaboutbatteries.com)

https://hubpages.com/autos/Future-Car-Battery

Gardening is sexy, says celebrity landscaper Durie| Reuters

By Miral Fahmy

| SINGAPORE

SINGAPORE (Reuters Life!) - Landscape artist and environmental activist Jamie Durie is on a mission to make gardening sexy -- and to save the planet one backyard at a time.

"Gardening is no longer a granny sport," the Australian gardening celebrity told Reuters during a recent visit to Singapore, where he is landscaping a luxury housing compound.

"Gardens are now a reflection of your personality as much as the rug on your floor or the jewellery around your neck. They are a connection to nature, a sanctuary."

A self-confessed frustrated architect who "paints with plants", Durie is a bit of a pin-up boy for gardening.

A qualified horticulturalist, he is the founder of the award-winning PATIO Landscape Architecture Design (www.patio.com.au) and author of five books on landscaping. He was host to popular Australian TV garden makeover show "Backyard Blitz" and currently hosts long-running American gardening and outdoor show, "The Victory Garden", for U.S. network PBS.

Durie also trained with former U.S. vice president and environmentalist Al Gore to become an environmental ambassador.

Q: How can landscaping help the environment?

A: Any plants that you can get into the soil will help absorb carbon dioxide emissions, and yes, it is possible to have urban developments and sustain the environment -- that's where landscaping comes in.

Also, if you take care of your own garden, it encourages others to do the same and then we'll be saving the environment one small backyard at a time. That's why I try and make gardens sexy, an evocative space that provides a destination, not just something that you see from behind your kitchen window.

Q: So, is gardening fashionable now?

A: Certainly! People are becoming more creative and they recognize that gardens are as much a part of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjreVlm Ebis their decor as their living room. There's also a trend towards going back to nature, towards organic produce because of all the chemicals and hormones and gene splitting... that is more dangerous than actual warfare. Growing organic produce has never been more popular and it will continue to grow. We're in the middle of an organic revolution.

Q: What inspires your designs?

A: Everything. I travel extensively, so I often gain inspiration from the natural landscapes I see. You have to be receptive to your https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae451 surroundings and keep your eyes open. One of my designs was based on a crack in the pavement. The bigger my library of concepts, the more I've got to give.

Q: Creating a beautiful garden can be very expensive and also requires space -- luxuries many people don't have.

A: That is true, but I want the homeowners of today to fast-track to what the older generation have achi eved after years of working: the nice house with the big garden. See what gardens can do for you! They give you peace and tranquility. My advice would be to look at the value of your property and use that as a benchmark to decide how much to spend on your garden. If you're spending less than 5 percent, that's skimping, you can do better. And if you don't want to do it for you, do it for your kids. Do it for the environment. It's your responsibility.

Q: Do you have any tips for city-dwellers who would love to have a garden but who don't have the time or the space?





A: Go to your local nursery and start taking photos of plants you find attractive. Go to the botanical garden on the weekend and see how plants are arranged. Fall in love with the plants and then take them home. By growing a plant, you're empowering yourself, giving yourself https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjreVlmEbis confidence, demystifying nature.

Everyone can have a little patch of paradise, there's no excuse not to.

http://www.reuters.com/article/us-gardening-jamiedurie-idUSSP18722020071015

Bill Cosby trial: Lawyers attack accusers' credibility

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http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/05/us/bill-cosby-trial/index.html